# basic file input

# The manual way
f = open('/etc/passwd','r')
f.each do | line | 
  puts line
end
f.close

# The better way - here Ruby will automatically take care
# of closing the file for us when the block's done.
File.open('/etc/passwd','r') do |f|
  f.each_line do | line | 
    puts line
  end
end

# Manually, with a File object.
fo = File.new('/etc/passwd',"r")
fo.each_byte do | b | 
  putc b; putc '='
end
fo.close
puts

# Writing a file is best handled with that second form
# Notice how File defines the '<<' method to append to the file,
# and that it is automatically closed when the block exits.
File.open('newfile.txt','w+') do |f|
  f << "Just a string"
end

# Let's just double check. We can easily slurp in a textfile by line
# using to_a (or even splat ;)). 
str1 = File.open('newfile.txt','r') do |f|
  puts f.to_a
end

# Using splat like this is a bit controversial apparently, but I like it -
# to me it says 'puts everything from f'.
str1 = File.open('newfile.txt','r') do |f|
  puts *f
end